Thursday, November 6, 2014

APPROVAL TO ENERGISE HV SUB-STATION

FORM- A

APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL TO ENERGISE HV SUB-STATION / EQUIPMENTS
(Under rule 63 of Indian Electricity Rule, 1956)

1.       Name of Division _________________________2.  Name of S/ Division __________________________
3.       Name of S/Station ____________________________________ Capacity________Voltage Ratio ______
4.       Inspection fee Rs. _____________________  Challan No. ________________   Date ________________
5.       Date of Application _____________________ 6.  Proposed date of energisation ___________________
7.       Schematic diagram of the installation (to be attached)
8.       Any other relevant information __________________________________________________________

               Installation Result:-

9.       Insulation resistance between:-
                                I.            HT/ LT _______________________
                              II.            HT/Earth _____________________
                            III.            LT/Earth _____________________

10.   Size conductor used for earthing _________________________________________________________
11.   Earth resistance _______________________________________________________________________
Individual electrodes ____________________________  Combined _____________________________
                                I.            Pit No. 1 _________________________
                              II.            Pit No. 2 _________________________
                            III.            Pit No. 3 _________________________
                            IV.            Pit No. 4 _________________________
                              V.            Pit No. 5 _________________________

12.   Transformation oil insulation test result ___________________________________________________
13.   General condition of the installation (as detailed below) :-

2
Rule No. of I.E. Rules, 1956
Description
Report of the SDO
Observation of Inspecting      Officer
1
2
3
4
35.




61.





64.
















67.





68.



69.
Have the “Danger Notices” in Hindi or in English and of the type approved by the Electrical Inspector been affixed permanently in Conspicuous position as per this rule?

a)      Is the body of the transformer effectively earthed by two separate and distinct connections with earth?
b)      Is the L.T. Switch and box double earthed?

a)      Is GO Switch/ DO fuses provided to make the system dead in sections for carrying out work on them.
b)      Is GO Switch properly locked?
c)       Is the sectional clearance above the transformer adequate as per rule i.e.
11 KV                          2.6 Mtrs.         22/33 KV                                    2.8 Mtrs.
d)      Have to minimum working safety clearances for bare conductor or live parts of apparatus in outdoor sub-station been maintained as per this rule i.e.
Upto 11 KV                               2.75 Mtrs.
22 KV and                                 3.70 Mtrs.
Upto 33 KV

a)      Has the neutral of transformer been earthed by two separate and distinct connections with earth?
b)      As the earth wire free from mechanical damage?

Have the outdoor (Except pole type) sub-station efficiently protected by fencing not less than 1.8 Mtrs. In height?

Where platform type construction is used for a pole sub-station and sufficient space for a person to stand on the platform is provided, has hand rail been built around the said platform and where the hand rail is metallic, has it been earthed?


3
1
2
3
4
90.












91.

a)      Are all metallic parts of the structure effectively earthed?
b)      Has the fencing of the sub-station been adequately earthed?
c)       Is the handle of GO switch properly and effectively earthed?
d)      Is the GO switch operating rod double earthed?
e)      Are the stays properly and effectively earthed or insulators provided in them at a height of not less than 3 metres form the ground?

Are the anti-climbing devices provided at suitable height as per the requirement of the rule?

a)      Are the lightning arrestors provided with distinct and separate earth?
b)      Are the lower arcing horns effectively earthed?



       
REMARKS:





        Signature of Executing Agency,                                                                         Signature of Owner of the Installation.
       


        Assistant Executive Engineer,

        Electrical Sub-Division,

Tuesday, May 10, 2011

ELECTRICAL QUESTIONS

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1.A resistance of 10 ohm is connected across a supply of 200V. If resistance R is now connected in parallel with a 10 ohm resistance, the current drawn from the supply gets doubled. The value of unknown resistance R is
(a) 5 ohm
(b) 20 ohm
(c) 10 ohm
(d) 15 ohm
Ans : c

2. The close path of the flux around any current carrying circuit is referred asCircuit.
(a) Magnetic
(b) Electric
(c) Electromagnetic
(d) None of these
Ans : a

3. Magnetic field strength is equal to
(a) mmf. L
(b) L/ mmf
(c) mmf/ L
(d) 1/mmf.L
Ans : c

4. Peak inverse voltage of bridge rectifier is as that of centre-tap circuit.
a). Same
b). Twice
c). Half
d). Four times
Ans. c

5. Peak Resistance of the diode is increased when
a). Forward biased
b). Reverse biased
c). Both forward and reverse biased
d). Either a or b
Ans. b

6. The number of lines of force passing through the secondary coil S when unit current changes in the primary coil P are called
(a) Self inductance
(b) Mutual inductance
(c) Self induction
(d) Mutual induction
Ans : c

7. The current flowing in an electrical circuit is due to the existence of
(a) mmf
(b) emf
(c) Resistance
(d) Reluctance
Ans : b

8. The magnetic flux flow through a magnetic circuit is due to
(a) mmf
(b) emf
(c) Resistance
(d) Reluctance
Ans : a

9. The on-line UPS is also called as
a). Stand-by UPS
b). Line Interactive UPS
c). Off line UPS
d). Current line UPS
Ans. b

10. Expression for magneto-motive force is
(a) N/I
(b) 1/NI
(c) I/N
(d) IN
Ans : d

11. Unit of mmf is
(a) Ampere /Volt
(b) Ampere- turns
(c) Volt
(d) Volt/Ampere
Ans : b

12.After the valley point UJT acts as
a).transister
b).amplifier
c).contoller
d).forward PN Diode
Ans:d

13.UJT used in
a.pulse generator
b. electric circuit
c.either (a)&(b)
d.none of these
Ans:a

14.Diac is used as
a.triggering device
b. pulse generator
c. amplifier
d.contoller
Ans:a

15.Triac is
a.Two transister device
b.two diodes device
c.two diacs device
d.two SCR device
Ans:d

16.When Gate current is equal to zero,SCR acts as
a.Diode
b.transister
c.PNPN Diode
d.none of these
Ans:c

17..Triac has
a.one terminal
b.two terminal
c.three terminal
d.four terminal
Ans:c

18.Terminals of SCR
a.gate,emitter
b.gate,base.collector
c.anode,cathode,gate
d.none of these
Ans:c

19.A term ‘intrinsic standoff ratio’ used in
a.Diode
b.UJT
c.PNPN Diode
d.SCR
Ans:b

20.Which one is used as triggering device
a.Diode
b.UJT
c.PNPN Diode
d.none of these
Ans:b

21.SCR is used as
a.pulse generator
b. amplifier
c.contoller
d.none of these
Ans:c

22. Terminals of transistor
a.gate,emitter
b.gate,base.collector
c.anode,cathode,gate
d.base,emitter,collector
Ans:d

23.At room temperature, extrinsic semiconductor is
a)conductor
b)poor conductor
c)partially conductor
d)none of these
Ans:b

24.Which one is trivalent impurity
a)boron
b)antimony
c)silicon
d)none of these
Ans:a

25.Which one is pentavalent impurity
a)boron
b)antimony
c)silicon
d)none of these
Ans:b

26.Resistance of an ideal diode, resistance during reverse biasing
(a) Zero
(b) Unity
(c) Maximum
(d) infinite
Ans:d

27. In CB Configuration of transistor, the output impedance is
(a) High
(b) medium
(c) Low
(d) none of these
Ans:a

28. In CB Configuration of transistor, voltage gain is
(a) High
(b) medium
(c) Low
(d) none of these
Ans:a

29. In CB Configuration of transistor, current gain is
(a) High
(b) medium
(c) Low
(d) almost one
Ans:d

30. In CE Configuration of transistor, the input impedance is
(a) High
(b) medium
(c) Low
(d) none of these
Ans:b

31. In CE Configuration of transistor, the output impedance is
(a) High
(b) medium
(c) Low
(d) none of these
Ans:b

32. In CC Configuration of transistor, the output impedance is
(a) High
(b) medium
(c) Low
(d) none of these
Ans:c

33. An ideal diode resistance has———resistance during forward biasing
(a) Zero
(b) Unity
(c) Maximum
(d) Minimum
Ans:a

34. Transistor is used as
(a) Switch
(b) Amplifier
(c) Both (a) & (b)
(d) None of these
Ans:c

35. Transistor is ———–Device
(a) Bipolar
(b) Unipolar
(c) Constant current
(d) Constant voltage
Ans:a

36. Diode is used as
(a) Regulator
(b) Inverter
(c) Current Regulator
(d) Rectifier
Ans:d

37. Zener diode acts as
(a) Rectifier
(b) Regulator
(c) Inverter
(d) None of these
Ans:b

38. Diode is ———–Device
(a) Bipolar
(b) Unipolar
(c) Constant current
(d) Constant voltage
Ans:b

39. Ripple factor for half wave rectifier
(a) 1.11
(b) 1.21
(c) 1.5
(d) 0.48
Ans:b

40. Ripple factor for full wave rectifier
(a) 1.11
(b) 1.21
(c) 1.5
(d) 0.48
Ans:d

Monday, March 14, 2011

NTPC SAMPLE PAPER

NTPC SAMPLE PAPER:
1. What is causal system?
2. Shunt reactor is used in EHV transmission line for
3. 20w, 40W, & 200w lamps are connected to three phases if neutral wire breaks then which lamp will fuse first?
1) 20 2)40 3)200 three lamps will fuse together.
4. Synchronous machine can be operated at both lagging and leading power factor
5 What does synchronous speed mean?
6. Frequency of emf generated per rotation of rotor is equal to….
7. DC machine having wave winding is wounded as lap winding what will be the effect on emf generated
8 Which is remain unchanged in transformer action?
9. In transformer windings are connected………….?
10. In general how transformer is rated?
11. What is given on the name plate of motor? 1) KW 2) KVA 3) output shaft power
12. Short circuit test of transformer gives what?
13. Transformer core are laminated for what purpose?
14. What is supply voltage for heavy industry .1) 33KV 2) 11KV 3) 132 KV 4) 66KV
15. Basic structure SCR as a two transistor i.e. how they are connected?
16. What is Triac?
17. System admittance is (G+jB) what is reactive power absorbed if the voltage is V KV? (1) V (square)*B (2) V (square)*g ….
18. In series R-L circuit what is phase difference between the voltage drop across R and L?
19. Power factor is cosine (delta ) delta is the angle between
1) phase voltage phase current 2)Line voltage lone current
3) phase voltage line current 4) line voltage phase current.
20. Laplace of exp (-at)?
21. For series R-L-C circuit the load will be capacitive if the frequency is
1) greater than the resonant frequency 2) less than the resonant frequency
3)….
22. In Wien’s bridge which circuit elements determine the frequency range?
23. What is the output if two booster having duty cycle K and (K-1) are connected in series?
24. If a DC shunt motor is loaded from unloaded condition what will be effect of on terminal voltage?
25. A second wire system having one pole one right half of the s-plane. When the system will be stable?
26. A system having repetitive pole what will be effect on the gain at the cross over frequency?
27. Hollow conductor is used to reduce corona loss how does it reduce the loss?28. In DC machine how voltage is related to flux?
29. Nature of current and voltage in the armature and at the terminal in DC machine.
30. Motor acts on the principle of …………..rule31. Which instrument measure both ac and dc?
32. How the rotation of induction motor is reversed?
33. If 3-phaseof a 3- phase balance load are reversed what will be the effect on the line current?
34. If the rating of VAR absorber is 50MVAR at 400KV. What will the VAR absorbed by the absorber at 300KV?
35. In regenerative breaking of DC series motor what is done?
36. Definitions of Fourier transform?
37. Laplace of f(t) is F(S) what is Laplace of f(t+T) .
38. Z-transform of sampled function x(n) for n>0.
39. Laplace transform of impulse function.
40. Z-transform of unity.
41. How many slip rings are there in 3phase synchronous motor?
42. How the speed of synchronous motor is controlled?
43. Speed control of induction motor?
44. When power supply is supplied to heater coil it glows while simple wire does not glow. Why?
45. A synchronous generator having inertia constant 4 and having rating of 100MVA. What will be energy stored by the machine?
46. A transformer having ratio 20:1. The secondary load is 0.6 ohm and the voltage across it is 6 V what will be the primary current?
47. A RC circuit having r=0.8ohm, c=2.5micofarad what will be the time constant?
48. Find load impedance if c=0.1 micro farad?
49. Two capacitors connected in series the equivalent capacitance is 0.03uf and when connected in parallel the equivalent capacitance is 0.16uf find out the ratio of the two capacitance?
50. An L-c circuit having frequency 1/sqrt (LC) what will the equivalent impedance?
51. An inverting op-am having input with resistance in series and a capacitance in feedback operates as a……………….?
52. A current having fundamental and third harmonics what will be the rms value of the current?
53. Peak to peak value of voltage if rms voltage is 100V.
54. Rms voltage.
55. What is the approx efficiency of nuclear power plant?
56. What is the average current of a single phase full wave rectifier firing at angle alpha?
57. What is the function of freewheeling diode?
58. When SCR stops conduction? (holding current)
59. For measuring current why shunt resistance is used?
60. For economic operation of plant what is the condition?(taking into account the penalty factor)
61. Incremental fuel cost of two plants is given and a load is given. Find out the load sharing for economic operation of the plant?
62. A two port network is represented by ABCD parameters. What will be condition for the two port network to be symmetrical?
63. Size of the conductor is determined by ……………….
64. Which Surface is suitable for grounding?
I Hope this helps in your NTPC preparation

Sunday, October 31, 2010

RATKURIA DEVARI DHAM


The village was founded by Rattaji Jat of Kudia gotra. Hence the name Ratkudia.
Ratkuria is a village in Bhopalgarh tehsil, Jodhpur district, Rajasthan, India located at 26°32′54″N 73°33′46″E / 26.54833°N 73.56278°E / 26.54833
Ratkuria is a place where lot of famous person born.
Ratkuria is famous for temple such as DEVRI, TIKI THAKUR JI KA MANDIR.
The ratkuria is a place for education ,political leaders and social leaders. The mother land of Ratkuria give many politicians, engineers, civil servants ,police and military officers. It was earlier settled 1 km away from present village.

Saturday, October 23, 2010

Electric Current and Ohm's Law

Electric Current and Ohm's Law

BASIC DATA ABOUT ATOM :

Mass of electron = 9.11 x 10-31 kg

Mass of proton = 1.67 x 10-27 kg

Mass of neutron = mass of proton

Mass of electron = 1/1840 mass of proton

Diameter of nucleus is of the order of 10-14 m

Diameter of orbits = 104 times dia of molecule

Diameter of electron = 10-15 m

Charge on electron = - 1.602 x 10-19 coulomb

Charge on proton = + 1.602 x 10-19 coulomb.

UNIT OF CURRENT :

The charge on an electron is measured in terms of coulomb. The unit of current is coulomb per second and is called ampere.Thus

I (Ampere) = coulomb/second = ∆ q / ∆ t

One coulomb is equivalent to the charge of 6.28 x 1018 electrons.

1 emu of current = 3 x 1010 esu of current.

ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE :

Electromotive force or potential of a body is the work done in joules to bring a unit electric charge from infinity to the body. It is expressed in terms of volts (V).

The potential difference is defined as that which causes current to flow in the closed circuit.

RESISTANCE :

Resistance is the property of a substance due to which it opposes the flow of electrons (i.e., electric current) through it. The unit of resistance is ohm (Ω).

Metals, acids and salt solutions are good conductors of electricity. Silver, copper and aluminium offer least resistance to flow of current and are called very good conductor of electricity. The electrons while flowing through the molecules or the atoms of the conductor, collide with other atoms and electrons, thereby producing heat.

Some substances offer relatively greater difficulty or hindrance to the passage of these electrons. Such substances are called poor conductors or insulators of electricity. Some of the insulators are glass, bakelite, mica, rubber, polyvinyl chloride (P.V.C.), dry wood, etc.

The resistance of a conductor depends on:

1. Length of conductor- it varies directly with the length

2. Cross-sectional area of the conductor - it varies inversely with the cross-sectional area

3. Its resistivity i.e. the nature of composition, etc., of the material of which the conductor is made up

4. Temperature of the conductor - it almost varies directly with the temperature. Thus R, the resistance of a conductor is given by

R = ρ l / A

where

ρ = specific resistance or resistivity of the material,

l = length of the conductors,

A = cross-sectional area of conductor.

Ohm's Law :

If the temperature and other conditions remain constant, the current through a conductor is proportional to the applied potential difference and it remains constant. Thus

Current = Applied Voltage / Resistance of the circuit

Resistance = Applied voltage / Current in the circuit

Potential across resistance = Current x Resistance.

Conditions for Ohm's Law :

1. Ohm's law can be applied either to the entire circuit or a part of a circuit.

2. When ohm's law is applied to a part circuit, part resistance and the potential across the part resistance should be used.

3. The Ohm's law can be applied to DC as well as AC circuits. However, in case of AC circuits impedance Z, is used in place of resistance. Thus

I = E / Z = Applied voltage / Impedance in the circuit

Conductance (G ) :

Conductance is the reciprocal of ( R ) and is measure of the ease with which the current will flow through a substance. Thus

G= 1 / R

The unit of conductance is mho.

ELECTRICAL POWER :

Electrical power is expressed in terms of watts (W) and is given by

W= E x I = I2 x R = E2 / R

Power is also expressed in terms of

kW ( kilowatt ) ( =1000 W ) or

MW ( megawatt ) which is 1000 kW or 1000,000 W.

Electrical Energy :

Electrical energy is expressed in terms of kilowatt hours (kWh). Thus

1 kWh = 1 kW x 1 hour = 1000 watt-hours = 1000 x 60 x 60 watt-sec.

RESISTANCE COMBINATIONS :

Resistances in series :

Resistances in series

When resistances are connected in series, same current flows through all resistances, and overall resistance R, is given by

R = R1 + R2 + R3

Also,

V = V1 + V2 + V3 = IR1+ IR2 + IR3 .

Resistances in Parallel

Resistances in parallel

When conductors are joined in parallel, following relations hold good

I = I1 + I2 + I3

1 / R= 1 / R1 + 1 / R2 + 1 / R3

R= ( R1 +R2 + R3 ) / ( R1R2 + R2R3 + R3R1

G = G1 + G2 + G3

Effect of Temperature on Resistance :

Resistance of all materials is affected by the variations in temperature. The effect of temperature in general is as follows:

(i) Resistance of most of the metallic conductors increases with rising temperature

(ii) Resistance of non-conductors or insulators usually decreases with rising temperature.

Temperature coefficient of resistance :

It is defined as the increase in resistance per ohm original resistance per

oC rise in temperature. Thus

α = (Rt - Ro )/(Ro . t)

where

Ro = resistance at 0 oC

Rt = resistance at t °C

t = temperature rise in oC

Usually

α is of the order of l0 -4 Ω/ Ω oC for most of the metals.

In case of insulators and electrolytes, α is usually negative.

Temperature coefficient of carbon is negative.